2025 Methodology: Vulnerability Analysis

Auditing modern architectures: IDOR, JWT, and SSRF flaws

🛡️ Modern Web Auditing: IDOR, JWT, and SSRF (2025)

In 2025, auditing targets modern API layers, session authentication tokens, and cloud infrastructure metadata.

🛡️ Access Control & IDOR

Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) are audited by modifying user references:

  1. Identify references: Look for parameters like /api/v2/invoice?id=20455 or X-User-Id: 204.
  2. Swap and Test: Change request headers/bodies to other user IDs and verify if resources leak.
  3. Analyze encryption: Swap UUIDs or hashes if they are predictable or leaked in other public profiles.

🔑 JWT Analysis

We audit JSON Web Tokens for configuration faults:

  • Algorithm Confusion: Convert RS256 token headers to HS256 and sign them using the server’s public key.
  • Weak Secret Checking: Brute-force local secret strings off-line using hashcat: 
    hashcat -m 16500 jwt_token.txt common_secrets.txt

🌐 Cloud Metadata Server SSRF

Server-Side Request Forgery is audited by pointing parameters that accept URLs to internal cloud address APIs:

  • AWS/OpenStack: http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
  • GCP: http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/ (requires header Metadata-Flavor: Google)
  • Azure: http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01 (requires header Metadata: true)

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